CXR 胸部x光判讀 funnel chest

Pectus excavatum
M:F 4:1
40-60% scoliosis
cardiopulmonary function is always normal

Reference: Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine , 5th ed.

CXR 胸部x光判讀 sarcoidosis

Hilar and right paratracheal lymphadenopathy.
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
Upper lung reticulonodular opacity.
Pleural effusion: uncommon


Reference: Diagnostic Image Chest

stage 0: normal
stage 1: hilar lymphadenopathy
stage 2: hilar lymphadenopathy and bilateral reticular nodular pattern
stage 3: reticular nodular interstitial infiltration, no LAP
stage 4: mass, fibrosis

CHF 對 lung function 的影響

http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/short/44/3/497

Therapeutic update: Non-selective beta- and alpha-adrenergic blockade in patients with coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure

pulmonary congestion, cardiomegaly, respiratory muscle weakness
---> lung restriction

運動時
V/Q mismatch, DLCO 下降

CXR 胸部x光判讀 Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP)

after whole lung lavage







DD: BAC, organizing pneumonia, hemorrhage

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