CHF 對 lung function 的影響

http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/short/44/3/497

Therapeutic update: Non-selective beta- and alpha-adrenergic blockade in patients with coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure

pulmonary congestion, cardiomegaly, respiratory muscle weakness
---> lung restriction

運動時
V/Q mismatch, DLCO 下降